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The construction of Venice: the city was erected in the water or flooded it later
- Этот материал вы можете прочитать на русском языке
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Venice is the pearl of Italy and one of the most recognizable cities in the world. Unusual island location and rich cultural and historical heritage are the reason for the incredible popularity of this Italian city among travelers. About 20 million tourists visit Venice every year, although the population of the city does not exceed 300 thousand people.
Venice is located both on the mainland and on the adjacent islands. Permeated with picturesque canals, the island part of the city stands literally in the water. It is, of course, insanely beautiful, but terribly uncomfortable. How did they build all these houses? Or were they originally on land, and then flooded them?
According to the researchers, the settlement of the Venetian lagoon and islands began at the end of the VI century, and by the 9th century the island part of Venice was completely built up. Throughout its history, Venice experienced periods of ups and downs, when it was under the rule of foreign invaders. But nevertheless she managed to preserve the unique image that was formed due to the island location.
The island part of Venice includes more than 100 islets, which are separated by a network of canals. That is, the buildings of the city are built on small sections of land that are simply not visible due to the dense construction. And the outskirts of the islands are submerged in the coming seawater. The straits between the islands turned into channels, through which today gondoliers roll romantic tourists. The depth of these channels is small, mostly not more than 2.5 meters. And all the buildings and structures, from apartment houses to bridges, in this island part are built on wooden stilts for very interesting technology.
Choosing a place for construction, the Venetians drove into the muddy soil wooden piles, which were made of larch. This breed of trees is famous for its durability and resistance to decay. Larch for the construction of Venice was specially brought from the Alpine region. Wooden piles up to 7-8 meters long were driven into the ground, and wooden logs were laid on top of them, which served as the foundation for the future building. Well, already on the basis of larch laid a row of bricks and erected buildings.
Since the founding of Venice, its islands are slowly underwater. For this reason, the island area of the city at least twice rebuilt, and modern buildings are dated XIV-XV century. Thus, larch piles on which there is an island Venice, more than 500 years and, as recent studies show, most of them are in excellent condition.
Unfortunately, Venice is gradually submerged in water. This is due both to the overall increase in the Mediterranean Sea level and to the subsidence of the soil. The latter, according to scientists, is due to the depletion of artesian wells, the exploitation of which has already been discontinued. Regular floods cause a lot of trouble to historical buildings. Therefore, the construction of a protective dam, which would delay the immersion of Venice.
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