The muscles of the back. These muscles enable us to maintain our body in a vertical position and ensure the mobility and flexibility of our spine.2 photos

In addition to this, the superficial muscles of the back, in conjunction with other muscles, facilitate movements in the shoulder joints. These are the superficial muscles. The trapezius muscle is a large, fan-shaped muscle whose upper outer edge extends from the neck to the shoulder. It is attached to the skull and helps to maintain the position of the head, enable its rotation, and also allows the shoulders to be pulled back and upward. The latissimus dorsi muscle is the largest and strongest muscle in the back; it attaches to the vertebrae, starting from the lower edge of the trapezius muscle and extending down to the level of the pelvis. This muscle facilitates the bringing of the arms toward the body and possesses considerable strength even when encountering strong resistance. The superficial layer of the back muscles also includes smaller muscles such as the levator scapulae muscles, as well as the large and small rhomboid muscles, which are located between the spine and the shoulder blade and enable the shoulder blade to move upward and inward. The rotator muscles are a group of muscles situated between the shoulder blade and the head of the humerus; together they contribute to maintaining the stability of the humeral head within the shoulder joint. The posterior serrated muscle extends from the spine to the ribs and helps to raise the ribs during inhalation. These are the deep muscles of the back. The deep muscles of the back are attached to the spine, the bones of the pelvis, and the ribs; together they facilitate the flexion movements of the spine. Muscles must be attached to bones in order to function as levers, enabling the movement of the human body. The deep muscles of the back are arranged in layers. The shortest muscles are located deepest, connecting the various vertebrae together; above them lie longer muscles that extend vertically along multiple vertebrae and ribs. The deeper these muscles are situated, the longer they tend to be. Some of them connect the bones of the pelvis with the back of the head and also with the vertebrae. These layers contain numerous muscles, each with its own name, but they generally function together in various combinations to form a large group of deep back muscles that work coordinately on both sides of the spine to maintain the S-shaped curvature of the spine, thereby ensuring smooth movement and reducing the strain during walking.